IEEE 6G Wireless Communication Systems: Applications, Requirements, Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9144301
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9144301
CONTENTS :
INTRO - THE LAWS MUST CATCH UP, WHAT IS TECHNOCRACY AND TRANSHUMANISM, WHAT IS THE GREAT RESET AND THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?, WHAT IS AGENDA 2030?, WHAT IS THE BIODIGITAL CONVERGENCE?, 6TH GENERATION (6G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND BEYOND, COMPONENTS OF 6G TOP TO THE BOTTOM TO THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, HYPER CONNECTIVITY IN 6G AND BEYOND, DRONES - UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV), SENSORS, THE TERAHERTZ BAND, QUANTUM COMPUTING 6G, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. NATIVE AI 6G, BLOCKCHAIN, BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI), DIGITAL TWINS, THE INTERNET OF NANO THINGS (IOnT) AND THE INTERNET OF BIO-NANO THINGS (IOBNT), REMOTE HEALTHCARE IN 6G AND BEYOND-EHEALTH AND TELEMEDICINE, THE METAVERSE- THE METAVERSE IN HEALTHCARE, VISUAL AND VIDEO IMAGING IN 6G
INTRO - THE LAWS MUST CATCH UP, WHAT IS TECHNOCRACY AND TRANSHUMANISM, WHAT IS THE GREAT RESET AND THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?, WHAT IS AGENDA 2030?, WHAT IS THE BIODIGITAL CONVERGENCE?, 6TH GENERATION (6G) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND BEYOND, COMPONENTS OF 6G TOP TO THE BOTTOM TO THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, HYPER CONNECTIVITY IN 6G AND BEYOND, DRONES - UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV), SENSORS, THE TERAHERTZ BAND, QUANTUM COMPUTING 6G, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. NATIVE AI 6G, BLOCKCHAIN, BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI), DIGITAL TWINS, THE INTERNET OF NANO THINGS (IOnT) AND THE INTERNET OF BIO-NANO THINGS (IOBNT), REMOTE HEALTHCARE IN 6G AND BEYOND-EHEALTH AND TELEMEDICINE, THE METAVERSE- THE METAVERSE IN HEALTHCARE, VISUAL AND VIDEO IMAGING IN 6G
Intro
Emerging Technologies
Laws concerning security, privacy, and individual rights typically arise from societal pressures, significant events, and governmental responses. These legal frameworks are established following periods of public concern, where citizens seek protection from perceived threats or violations, or in reaction to incidents that reveal inadequacies in existing systems, prompting legislative action.
Some examples are : World War II and the Holocaust’s Nazi atrocities from 1939-1945 > The STASI’s extensive surveillance in 1989 contributed to strengthened privacy laws in reunified Germany > COINTELPro exposures in 1971 > The CIA’s MKUltra experiments, uncovered in the 1970s > The Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986 > The 9/11 attacks in 2001 > The Bill of rights and Human rights Laws, etc. It is fair to mention due to the scope of some issues, that some Laws aren’t fully/properly addressed or ensure accountability.
The Real Concerns and threats today are intangible, can not be detected, can not be perceived, measured, documented or formulated as a rational explanation to prompt legislative action yet.
Emerging Technologies introduces capabilities not fully understood or beyond beliefs and comprehension, include quantum computing and artificial intelligence (A.I ), are experimental and cutting edge, are invisible and undetectable because they operate at the nano and molecular levels and at various frequencies unseen by the naked eye, are invasive and is covertly practiced on Humans and living species without consent.
In addition the term"Emerging Technologies" is widely used in studies, reports, and whitepapers that encompasses everything from the scholarly domains, science and technology industry, the civilian enviroment, communications and health industry etc. The frequent use of the phrase conveys a forward-looking stance in an era of rapid technological progress. However, the phrase’s ambiguity and lack of temporal clarity also makes it a susceptible tool for misinformation:
1. It can mislead/exaggerate unproven potentials. i.e propagandized as the wow factor, or as global solutions for health, security, convenience and sustainability.
2. It can obscure the true maturity of advancements.
3. It Prolongs a narrative of the future that may already be in existence, thus causing confusion, hindering public awareness of actual timelines and cultivating a disconnect between perception and reality.
Some examples are : World War II and the Holocaust’s Nazi atrocities from 1939-1945 > The STASI’s extensive surveillance in 1989 contributed to strengthened privacy laws in reunified Germany > COINTELPro exposures in 1971 > The CIA’s MKUltra experiments, uncovered in the 1970s > The Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986 > The 9/11 attacks in 2001 > The Bill of rights and Human rights Laws, etc. It is fair to mention due to the scope of some issues, that some Laws aren’t fully/properly addressed or ensure accountability.
The Real Concerns and threats today are intangible, can not be detected, can not be perceived, measured, documented or formulated as a rational explanation to prompt legislative action yet.
Emerging Technologies introduces capabilities not fully understood or beyond beliefs and comprehension, include quantum computing and artificial intelligence (A.I ), are experimental and cutting edge, are invisible and undetectable because they operate at the nano and molecular levels and at various frequencies unseen by the naked eye, are invasive and is covertly practiced on Humans and living species without consent.
In addition the term"Emerging Technologies" is widely used in studies, reports, and whitepapers that encompasses everything from the scholarly domains, science and technology industry, the civilian enviroment, communications and health industry etc. The frequent use of the phrase conveys a forward-looking stance in an era of rapid technological progress. However, the phrase’s ambiguity and lack of temporal clarity also makes it a susceptible tool for misinformation:
1. It can mislead/exaggerate unproven potentials. i.e propagandized as the wow factor, or as global solutions for health, security, convenience and sustainability.
2. It can obscure the true maturity of advancements.
3. It Prolongs a narrative of the future that may already be in existence, thus causing confusion, hindering public awareness of actual timelines and cultivating a disconnect between perception and reality.
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"The Laws Must Catch Up" 
A must read to get an idea of how mass civilian surveillance is
embedded into society and ambiguous laws post 911, paving the way for invasive and nonsensual Emerging Technology experiments on Human beings. The Surveillance-Industrial Complex https://www.aclu.org/documents/surveillance-industrial-complex |
Examples of Emerging Technologies that may seem modern or are experiencing a resurgence but actually have roots or initial developments from years ago. These technologies have evolved significantly, but their foundational concepts or early versions are older than many might assume.
- Artificial Intelligence (A.I) ORIGINS 1940-1956+ https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Methods-and-goals-in-AI
- Virtual Reality (VR) ORIGINS 1960-1968+ https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html
- Augmented Reality (AR) ORIGINS 1990+ https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/augmented-reality
- 3D Printing ORIGINS 1980+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
- Blockchain ORIGINS 2008+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain
- Drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) ORIGINS 1917+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle
- Internet of Things (IoT) ORIGINS 1980-1999+ https://www.postscapes.com/iot-history/
- Quantum Computing ORIGINS 1980+ https://thequantuminsider.com/2020/05/26/history-of-quantum-computing/
- Electric Vehicles (EVs) ORIGINS 1830+ https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car
- Nanotechnology ORIGINS 1959-1980+ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6982820/
- Wireless body area networks WBAN ORIGINS 1995+ https://www.comsoc.org/node/19826
- TeleHealth (remote healthcare via telecommunications) ORIGINS 1900-1967+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telehealth
- CRISPA-Cas9 ORIGINS 1987-2012+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR
- Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) ORIGINS 1970+ https://roboticsbiz.com/the-history-of-brain-computer-interfaces-bcis-timeline/
- Synthetic Biology ORIGINS Late 20th century 1990-2000+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology
- BioDigital Convergence ORIGINS estimated year 2005+ https://www.iec.ch/biodigital-convergence
- Artificial Intelligence (A.I) ORIGINS 1940-1956+ https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Methods-and-goals-in-AI
- Virtual Reality (VR) ORIGINS 1960-1968+ https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality/history.html
- Augmented Reality (AR) ORIGINS 1990+ https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/augmented-reality
- 3D Printing ORIGINS 1980+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
- Blockchain ORIGINS 2008+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain
- Drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) ORIGINS 1917+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle
- Internet of Things (IoT) ORIGINS 1980-1999+ https://www.postscapes.com/iot-history/
- Quantum Computing ORIGINS 1980+ https://thequantuminsider.com/2020/05/26/history-of-quantum-computing/
- Electric Vehicles (EVs) ORIGINS 1830+ https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car
- Nanotechnology ORIGINS 1959-1980+ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6982820/
- Wireless body area networks WBAN ORIGINS 1995+ https://www.comsoc.org/node/19826
- TeleHealth (remote healthcare via telecommunications) ORIGINS 1900-1967+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telehealth
- CRISPA-Cas9 ORIGINS 1987-2012+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR
- Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) ORIGINS 1970+ https://roboticsbiz.com/the-history-of-brain-computer-interfaces-bcis-timeline/
- Synthetic Biology ORIGINS Late 20th century 1990-2000+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology
- BioDigital Convergence ORIGINS estimated year 2005+ https://www.iec.ch/biodigital-convergence
What is Technocracy and Transhumanism?
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Technocracy is a system of governance where decision makers are selected based on their expertise in a given area, particularly scientific or technical knowledge, rather than political affiliations or popular vote. It emphasizes efficiency, problem-solving, and the application of technology and data driven solutions to manage societal issues, often prioritizing experts like engineers, scientists, or economists over traditional politicians.
Transhumanism is a philosophical and intellectual movement that advocates for the enhancement of the human condition through advanced technology. It focuses on overcoming human limitations such as the physical, mental, and even mortality using tools like genetic engineering, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and brain-computer interfaces. The goal is often to evolve beyond current human capabilities. Technocracy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocracy Examining the Psychosocial determinants of support for a Technocracy of Artificial Intelligence https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pops.13048 Smart Cities, algorithmic technocracy and new urban technocrats https://kitchin.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Planning-and-Knowledge-Ch15-2019.pdf Transhumanism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism IEEE Transhumanism: Where Physical and Digital Worlds Meld https://spectrum.ieee.org/transhumanism-where-physical-and-digital-worlds-meld IEEE Transhumanism Overview https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2018/08/06/transhumanism-overview/ |
Technocracy
Transhumanism
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What is the Great Reset and the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
The Great Reset is an initiative proposed by Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF), in 2020. It aims to reshape the global economy and society following the COVID 19 pandemic. In essence, it calls for a coordinated approach to "reset" capitalism, focusing on sustainability, stakeholder capitalism, and digital transformation. Schwab envisions a future where businesses prioritize environmental and social goals alongside profits, leveraging the "Fourth Industrial Revolution" technologies.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), a term coined by Klaus Schwab, refers to the current era of technological advancement that builds on the digital revolution (Third Industrial Revolution). It’s characterized by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological systems, driven by breakthroughs like artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), biotechnology, and quantum computing. Unlike previous revolutions that are marked by mechanization, electricity, and computing, the 4IR is defined by its speed and scale.
The Great Reset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Reset
Now is the time for a great reset
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/06/now-is-the-time-for-a-great-reset/
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Accelerating the tech-driven bioeconomy
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Accelerating_the_Tech_Driven_Bioeconomy_2024.pdf
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), a term coined by Klaus Schwab, refers to the current era of technological advancement that builds on the digital revolution (Third Industrial Revolution). It’s characterized by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological systems, driven by breakthroughs like artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), biotechnology, and quantum computing. Unlike previous revolutions that are marked by mechanization, electricity, and computing, the 4IR is defined by its speed and scale.
The Great Reset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Reset
Now is the time for a great reset
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/06/now-is-the-time-for-a-great-reset/
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Accelerating the tech-driven bioeconomy
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Accelerating_the_Tech_Driven_Bioeconomy_2024.pdf
What is Agenda 2030?
While the Great Reset and the Fourth Industrial Revolution spotlight technological and economic transformation,
The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), part of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, complement these ideas with a broader, state-driven mission. Adopted in 2015 by all United Nations member states, the SDGs are a set of 17 global objectives aiming to create a better, more sustainable future by 2030, tackling major challenges like poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. The idea is to balance economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection, with a core promise to 'leave no one behind.' They cover specifics like eradicating extreme poverty, ensuring clean water, promoting gender equality, and fighting climate change, all through global cooperation.
What is the Bioeconomy and how can it drive Sustainable development?
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/bioeconomy-sustainable-development/
The 17 Goals
https://sdgs.un.org/goals
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/SDG%20Resource%20Document_Targets%20Overview.pdf
The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), part of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, complement these ideas with a broader, state-driven mission. Adopted in 2015 by all United Nations member states, the SDGs are a set of 17 global objectives aiming to create a better, more sustainable future by 2030, tackling major challenges like poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. The idea is to balance economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection, with a core promise to 'leave no one behind.' They cover specifics like eradicating extreme poverty, ensuring clean water, promoting gender equality, and fighting climate change, all through global cooperation.
What is the Bioeconomy and how can it drive Sustainable development?
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/bioeconomy-sustainable-development/
The 17 Goals
https://sdgs.un.org/goals
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/SDG%20Resource%20Document_Targets%20Overview.pdf
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Do you know all 17 SDGs? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XTBYMfZyrM&t=44s |
What is the Bio-digital Convergence ?
The Bio-digital Convergence is the Fusion of Biology and Digital Technology which aims at developing new tools and applications that can manage and control with greater precision in areas like healthcare, agriculture and environmental monitoring, and be accessed remotely in real time. Other factions that correlate to the Bio-digital Convergence research are Synthetic Biology, Genomics, Genetic engineering, Cellular agriculture, Geo engineering, and Biotechnology.
Understanding bio-digital convergence
https://etech.iec.ch/issue/2023-01/understanding-bio-digital-convergence
IEC Bio-digital convergence standardization opportunities
https://www.iec.ch/basecamp/bio-digital-convergence-standardization-opportunities
Indigenous perspectives on the biodigital convergence
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/11771801221090748
Understanding bio-digital convergence
https://etech.iec.ch/issue/2023-01/understanding-bio-digital-convergence
IEC Bio-digital convergence standardization opportunities
https://www.iec.ch/basecamp/bio-digital-convergence-standardization-opportunities
Indigenous perspectives on the biodigital convergence
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/11771801221090748
Global Researchers of The Bio-digital Convergence
Canada
Canada's Policy Horizons Bio-digital Convergence is a strategic foresight initiative by Policy Horizons Canada, a government organization, to explore the merging of biological and digital technologies. It examines how this convergence could transform society, the economy, and human life by integrating digital tools (like AI and data systems) with biological systems (such as genomics and synthetic biology). The initiative identifies three key pillars—data, genomics, and critical systems—and anticipates impacts on areas like healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing.
Policy Horizons Canada Exploring Biodigital Convergence
https://horizons.service.canada.ca/en/2020/02/11/exploring-biodigital-convergence/
Policy Horizons Canada Exploring Biodigital Convergence
https://horizons.service.canada.ca/en/2020/02/11/exploring-biodigital-convergence/
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1. Three ways Biodigital Convergence is emerging 2. What new capabilities arise from Biodigital Convergence? click on pics to enlarge Policy Horizons Canada Exploring BiodigitalConvergence https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2021/hpc-phc/PH4-185-2019-eng.pdf This is an Eye Opening pdf. Theres not too much mincing of words.They are clear in what their goals are. |
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Horizons Canada. What is the Biodigital convergence? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDuv63Qa8DE |
The U.S
(MIT)The Massachusetts Institute of Technology while not officially labeling there studies under the“Biodigital convergence” banner, plays a significant role in advancing the fusion of biological and digital systems through its cutting-edge work and research. MIT leverages its renowned departments, such as the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the Media Lab, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), to pioneer innovations like AI-driven genomic modeling, programmable cells, and brain-computer interfaces. These efforts focus on practical applications, including precision cancer treatments, biosensors for real-time health monitoring, and synthetic biology solutions, effectively merging biological processes with digital tools.
MIT. IMES Institute for Medical, Engineering, and Science.
https://imes.mit.edu/
MIT News
https://news.mit.edu/
MIT Media Lab
https://www.media.mit.edu/
MIT. KOCH Insititute for integrative Cancer research
https://ki.mit.edu/news
MIT. IMES Institute for Medical, Engineering, and Science.
https://imes.mit.edu/
MIT News
https://news.mit.edu/
MIT Media Lab
https://www.media.mit.edu/
MIT. KOCH Insititute for integrative Cancer research
https://ki.mit.edu/news
(DARPA) The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, serves as the central research and development organization of the Department of Defense. DARPA’s fusing of biology with technology, includes Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) breakthroughs, to boost security and health. Through its Biological Technologies Office, DARPA runs "Safe Genes" for genome editing control, "RadioBio" for biological RF communication, "DIGET" for pathogen detection, and "BETR" for tissue repair via Bioelectronics.
"Insect Allies" uses insects to deliver gene-editing viruses, while Supersoldier Projects like "N3" enable thought-controlled devices and "Revolutionizing Prosthetics" crafts mind-operated limbs for paraplegics.
Cyborg efforts include "NESD" for memory-enhancing neural implants in humans and "HI-MEMS" for remote-controlled insect spies. Surprises like "ElectRx" zap nerves to heal, "TNT" boosts learning, "RAM" replays memories, and rat brain-links or "Silent Talk" hint at telepathy—all showcasing DARPA’s vision of biology and tech amplifying each other.
Brain-Computer Interfaces. U.S Military Applications and Implications pdf
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2900/RR2996/RAND_RR2996.pdf
DARPA and the Brain Initiative
http://humanfreewill.org/assets/docs/darpa-brain-initiative.pdf
Innovation in Biotechnology
https://www.darpa.mil/about/offices/bto/innovation
DARPA's Warrior Web project may provide super-human enhancements
https://www.jble.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/844105/darpas-warrior-web-project-may-provide-super-human-enhancements/
DARPA N3: Next-Generation Nonsurgical Neurotechnology
https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/next-generation-nonsurgical-neurotechnology
NESD: Neural Engineering System Design
https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/neural-engineering-system-design
Insect Allies
https://www.darpa.mil/news/2016/insects-protect-food-supply
"Insect Allies" uses insects to deliver gene-editing viruses, while Supersoldier Projects like "N3" enable thought-controlled devices and "Revolutionizing Prosthetics" crafts mind-operated limbs for paraplegics.
Cyborg efforts include "NESD" for memory-enhancing neural implants in humans and "HI-MEMS" for remote-controlled insect spies. Surprises like "ElectRx" zap nerves to heal, "TNT" boosts learning, "RAM" replays memories, and rat brain-links or "Silent Talk" hint at telepathy—all showcasing DARPA’s vision of biology and tech amplifying each other.
Brain-Computer Interfaces. U.S Military Applications and Implications pdf
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2900/RR2996/RAND_RR2996.pdf
DARPA and the Brain Initiative
http://humanfreewill.org/assets/docs/darpa-brain-initiative.pdf
Innovation in Biotechnology
https://www.darpa.mil/about/offices/bto/innovation
DARPA's Warrior Web project may provide super-human enhancements
https://www.jble.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/844105/darpas-warrior-web-project-may-provide-super-human-enhancements/
DARPA N3: Next-Generation Nonsurgical Neurotechnology
https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/next-generation-nonsurgical-neurotechnology
NESD: Neural Engineering System Design
https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/neural-engineering-system-design
Insect Allies
https://www.darpa.mil/news/2016/insects-protect-food-supply
Israel
Israel plays a notable role in biodigital convergence research, integrating biology with engineering, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology. Tel Aviv University conducts research, such as using CRISPR gene editing, with plans for future clinical trials. Companies like NanoGhost focus on nanorobotic drug delivery for cancer treatment, while CytoReason uses artificial intelligence to model diseases for pharmaceutical applications. The Technion and Weizmann Institute contribute through studies in organ-on-chip technology and personalized medicine, supported by firms like C2i Genomics and Sequentify. Israel’s National Bio-Convergence Plan drives progress in healthcare, agriculture, and sustainability through a coordinated research approach.
BioConvergence
https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/report/bio-convergence-2/
Bioconvergence The next big thing from Israel
https://www.israel21c.org/whats-the-next-big-thing-from-israel-bio-convergence/
BioConvergence the future of health tech
https://www.aeai.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/01/IIA-Bioconvergence-2020.pdf
Israel Leads the Way in Climate Adaptation with Bio-Convergence
https://climateadaptationplatform.com/israel-leads-the-way-in-climate-adaptation-with-bio-convergence/
Israel Economic Missions to The USA
https://itrade.gov.il/usa/bioconvergence-an-israeli-led-medical-revolution/
Tel Aviv University CRISPR Therapeutics can Damage the Genome
https://english.tau.ac.il/crispr-risks
Israel and the global synthetic biology ecosystem
https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12027
BioConvergence
https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/report/bio-convergence-2/
Bioconvergence The next big thing from Israel
https://www.israel21c.org/whats-the-next-big-thing-from-israel-bio-convergence/
BioConvergence the future of health tech
https://www.aeai.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/01/IIA-Bioconvergence-2020.pdf
Israel Leads the Way in Climate Adaptation with Bio-Convergence
https://climateadaptationplatform.com/israel-leads-the-way-in-climate-adaptation-with-bio-convergence/
Israel Economic Missions to The USA
https://itrade.gov.il/usa/bioconvergence-an-israeli-led-medical-revolution/
Tel Aviv University CRISPR Therapeutics can Damage the Genome
https://english.tau.ac.il/crispr-risks
Israel and the global synthetic biology ecosystem
https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12027
Israel Innovation Authority’s 2019 Innovation Report
https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/report/innovation-report-2019/ or file:///C:/Users/OEM/Downloads/hadshanut-2020-engl-pages.pdf
The U.K
The UK may not have a single flagship "biodigital convergence study" labeled as such, but its contributions span practical applications and theoretical frameworks, making it a notable player in this field. The country’s strengths in genomics, AI, biotechnology, bioinformatics, and digital health innovations, position it as a hub for research that bridges the biological and digital realms.
NATIONAL VISION FOR ENGINEERING BIOLOGY
https://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2023-0936/National.pdf
Growing the UK Bioeconomy
https://www.longtermresilience.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/PUBLIC-CLTR-Report-Growing-the-UK-Bioeconomy-2.pdf
UCL Londons Global University Future Standards for Bio-digital Convergence
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/steapp/sites/steapp/files/1_final_report_-_future_standards_for_bio-digital_convergence.pdf
UK Biobank
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UKs Ministry Of Defence ,Human Augmentation–The Dawn of a New Paradigm
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/609d23c6e90e07357baa8388/Human_Augmentation_SIP_access2.pdf
University Of Cambridge Bio Technology
https://search.cam.ac.uk/search.html?collection=cambridge%7Esp-cam-meta&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceb.cam.ac.uk&query=biotechnology
NATIONAL VISION FOR ENGINEERING BIOLOGY
https://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2023-0936/National.pdf
Growing the UK Bioeconomy
https://www.longtermresilience.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/PUBLIC-CLTR-Report-Growing-the-UK-Bioeconomy-2.pdf
UCL Londons Global University Future Standards for Bio-digital Convergence
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/steapp/sites/steapp/files/1_final_report_-_future_standards_for_bio-digital_convergence.pdf
UK Biobank
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/
UKs Ministry Of Defence ,Human Augmentation–The Dawn of a New Paradigm
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/609d23c6e90e07357baa8388/Human_Augmentation_SIP_access2.pdf
University Of Cambridge Bio Technology
https://search.cam.ac.uk/search.html?collection=cambridge%7Esp-cam-meta&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceb.cam.ac.uk&query=biotechnology
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Based at Imperial College London, SynbiCITE is the Innovation and Knowledge Centre (IKC) for Synthetic Biology. Their prime objective is to accelerate and promote the commercial exploitation of synthetic biology research and engineering biology applications. http://www.synbicite.com/about-us/ Youtube.Synthetic biology, explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlOFE9-3CN0&t=56s |
Europe E.U
Emerging Biotechnologies in Europe: Foresight for Policy
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC139415 or file:///C:/Users/OEM/Downloads/JRC139415_01.pdf
Building the future with nature: Boosting Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing in the EU
https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/47554adc-dffc-411b-8cd6-b52417514cb3_en
IBISBA The only European Research Infrastructure dedicated to Industrial Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing
https://ibisba.eu/
HORIZON EUROPE STRATEGIC PLAN 2025 – 2027
https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/6abcc8e7-e685-11ee-8b2b-01aa75ed71a1
Biodigital Technologies and the Bioeconomy: The Global New Green Deal?
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00131857.2020.1861938?needAccess=true
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC139415 or file:///C:/Users/OEM/Downloads/JRC139415_01.pdf
Building the future with nature: Boosting Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing in the EU
https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/47554adc-dffc-411b-8cd6-b52417514cb3_en
IBISBA The only European Research Infrastructure dedicated to Industrial Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing
https://ibisba.eu/
HORIZON EUROPE STRATEGIC PLAN 2025 – 2027
https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/6abcc8e7-e685-11ee-8b2b-01aa75ed71a1
Biodigital Technologies and the Bioeconomy: The Global New Green Deal?
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00131857.2020.1861938?needAccess=true
China
The Roadmap of Bioeconomy in China
https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12026
BGI Group Beijing Genomics Institute
https://en.genomics.cn/
The 7th China International Biotechnology Conference & Exhibition
http://www.biotec-china.com/?_l=en
https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12026
BGI Group Beijing Genomics Institute
https://en.genomics.cn/
The 7th China International Biotechnology Conference & Exhibition
http://www.biotec-china.com/?_l=en
India
Digital India for Sustainable Development Goals
https://www.local2030.org/library/674/SDG-Vision-for-Digital-India.pdf
Genome India
https://genomeindia.in/
Government of India Department of Biotechnology
https://dbtindia.gov.in/
CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
https://www.ccmb.res.in/
BioTechnology Industry Research Assistance Council
https://www.birac.nic.in/
https://www.local2030.org/library/674/SDG-Vision-for-Digital-India.pdf
Genome India
https://genomeindia.in/
Government of India Department of Biotechnology
https://dbtindia.gov.in/
CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
https://www.ccmb.res.in/
BioTechnology Industry Research Assistance Council
https://www.birac.nic.in/
Australia
Biotechnology in Australia
https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022/03/biotechnology-in-australia-strategic-plan-for-health-and-medicine.pdf
ACOLA Synthetic Biology In Australia An Outlook to 2030
https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018Sep-ACOLA-Synthetic-Biology_Report.pdf
https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022/03/biotechnology-in-australia-strategic-plan-for-health-and-medicine.pdf
ACOLA Synthetic Biology In Australia An Outlook to 2030
https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018Sep-ACOLA-Synthetic-Biology_Report.pdf
New Zealand
Enabling digital technologies for New Zealand’s circular and Bioeconomy, including the role of digital twins
https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/28289-digital-technologies-digital-twins-and-the-circular-and-bioeconomy
Emerging technologies and research for New Zealand’s economic development and associated risk management
https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/emerging-technologies-and-research-literature-review_0.pdf
https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/28289-digital-technologies-digital-twins-and-the-circular-and-bioeconomy
Emerging technologies and research for New Zealand’s economic development and associated risk management
https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/emerging-technologies-and-research-literature-review_0.pdf
Note : Keywords for researching Countries involved in the "Bio-Digital Convergence" studies and research as most countries do not rely on the term, but are one way or another overlapping elements of Biology and Digital Tech fusions in their practices.
Bio-digital Convergence, Bio Convergence, Bioeconomy, Biomedical, Bioengineering, BioManufacturing, Bio Technology, Emerging Technologies, Synthetic Biology, Genomics, Human Augmentation.
Sixth Generation (6G) Wireless Communications and Beyond
The Shift from 5G to 6G and beyond represents a major leap in technology,with artificial intelligence woven into its core. While 5G offers impressive data speeds, 6G is expected to far exceed it, delivering significantly faster connections and embedding AI to self-optimize networks in real time. Latency will also improve dramatically, dropping to near-instantaneous response times, supporting applications like real-time virtual reality and autonomous systems. 6G will handle a much higher number of connected devices, enabling widespread use in IoT and smart cities. By leveraging Terahertz frequencies, expanded bandwidth will unlock innovations like holographic communication and integrated sensing. Better energy efficiency and broader global coverage through satellite networks further position 6G as a groundbreaking evolution.This leap forward sets the stage for a wave of Emerging Technologies, each amplified by these unparalleled capabilities, transforming how we interact with the digital and physical world. Some Emerging Technologies that will be more prominent and enhanced in 6g :
Blockchain, Brain-to-Computer Interfaces (BCI), Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT),
Quantum Computing/Communications, Augmented Reality (AR)/Extended Reality (XR),
Digital Twins, Autonomous Robotics/Swarms, and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
DHS 5G/6G Wireless Networks
https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/5g6g
ISO Cyber-physical systems
https://www.iso.org/foresight/cyber-physical-systems.html
WEF Quantum for Society: Meeting the Ambition of the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantum_for_Society_2024.pdf
Beyond 5G: A Comprehensive Exploration of 6G Wireless Communication Technologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380578333_Beyond_5G_A_Comprehensive_Exploration_of_6G_Wireless_Communication_Technologies
Blockchain, Brain-to-Computer Interfaces (BCI), Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT),
Quantum Computing/Communications, Augmented Reality (AR)/Extended Reality (XR),
Digital Twins, Autonomous Robotics/Swarms, and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
DHS 5G/6G Wireless Networks
https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/5g6g
ISO Cyber-physical systems
https://www.iso.org/foresight/cyber-physical-systems.html
WEF Quantum for Society: Meeting the Ambition of the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantum_for_Society_2024.pdf
Beyond 5G: A Comprehensive Exploration of 6G Wireless Communication Technologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380578333_Beyond_5G_A_Comprehensive_Exploration_of_6G_Wireless_Communication_Technologies
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1. Ian F. Akyildiz. 6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9145564 2. Time Line to 2030 .The ITU Vision and Framework for 6G: Scenarios, Capabilities and Enablers https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.13887 |
Ian F. Akyildiz is a Turkish-American electrical engineer and computer scientist renowned for pioneering wireless communication networks. He earned his BS, MS, and PhD from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany (1978, 1981, 1984). Akyildiz was Ken Byers Chair Professor at Georgia Tech until 2021, leading the Broadband Wireless Networking Lab, and has been President/CTO of Truva Inc. since 1989. His work shaped 2G-4G systems, mobility management, and cognitive radio, introducing "4G" in 1999. He has contributed to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) by providing expertise on advanced wireless technologies and standardization. Current research includes 6G/7G, terahertz communication, and nanonetworks. An IEEE (1996) and ACM Fellow (1997), he received the 2003 ACM SIGMOBILE and 2011 IEEE McDowell Awards. He advises the Technology Innovation Institute in Abu Dhabi and holds adjunct roles in Helsinki, Iceland, and Norway.
Dr. Ian F. Akyildiz
https://ianakyildiz.com/about/
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ARRC Seminar Series - Prof. Ian F. Akyildiz https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAtQFkEg5-w Topic : TeraHertz (THz) band communications are envisioned as a key technology for 6G and Beyond. As a fundamental wireless infrastructure, THz communication can boost abundant promising applications. |
Components of 6g. From the Top to the Bottom to the Cyber and Molecular levels.
Hyper Connectivity in 6G and Beyond
Sustainable Satellite Communications in the 6G Era: A European View for Multilayer Systems and Space Safety
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9893104
Towards 6G hyper-connectivity: Vision, challenges, and key enabling technologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371058891_Towards_6G_hyper-connectivity_Vision_challenges_and_key_enabling_technologies
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9893104
Towards 6G hyper-connectivity: Vision, challenges, and key enabling technologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371058891_Towards_6G_hyper-connectivity_Vision_challenges_and_key_enabling_technologies
Hyper connectivity in 6G refers to the vision of seamless, pervasive, and instantaneous communication across all environments, devices, and use cases. Unlike previous generations (e.g.5G) which focused on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), 6G aims to unify and expand these into a holistic framework.
Top-Level "Space & Airborne Networks" Architecture and System Enhancements
To achieve ubiquitous connectivity, 6G leverages a sophisticated, multi-layered architecture that integrates advanced systems and technologies, forming a dynamic ecosystem for seamless communication and data exchange.
Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Network (SAGSIN): Integrates satellites, high-altitude platforms (HAPs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and Terrestrial nodes to provide comprehensive coverage across terrestrial, aerial, maritime, and space domains, ensuring global connectivity.
Cubesats: are small box-shaped satellites that orbit earth to support wireless communications. With 6G, these tiny satellites work together to provide internet coverage, especially in remote or hard-to-reach places. In the SAGSIN framework, CubeSats form the space layer, working alongside air, ground, and sea systems to create a seamless web of coverage.
Terahertz (THz) and Optical Wireless Communications (OWC): Utilizes high frequency bands and optical systems to deliver ultra high bandwidth and support real time, data intensive applications across dense networks.
Ubiquitous Sensors: sensors are tiny, widespread devices that are deployed and embedded across diverse environments and objects (e.g, Agriculture, Infrastructure, Smart cities, Healthcare, Vehicles, ) to enable pervasive data collection and real time (remote) environmental interaction.
Cloud Computing Integration: refers to the delivery of computing services like storage, processing, and software over the internet, leveraging the high-capacity features of 6G networks. It enables seamless, real-time access to vast resources, supporting advanced applications like AI, IoT, and immersive technologies, all while optimizing efficiency and scalability.
Edge Computing: involves processing data closer to where it’s generated (e.g., devices or sensors) Unlike cloud computing, which centralizes resources in remote data centers, edge computing reduces delays and bandwidth use, making it ideal for real-time applications like autonomous vehicles. It complements cloud computing by handling immediate tasks locally while sending less urgent data to the cloud.
Fog Computing: extends edge computing by adding a layer of distributed processing between devices and the cloud. In 6G, it leverages the network’s speed and connectivity to manage data across multiple nodes, offering more scalability than edge alone. It acts as a bridge, filtering and processing data before it reaches the cloud. Together, edge and fog computing enhance cloud computing by decentralizing workloads, optimizing 6G’s capabilities for faster, smarter, and more localized decision-making.
Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS): are smart surfaces equipped with tiny elements that manipulate radio waves to boost signal strength, coverage, and efficiency. Leveraging 6G’s capabilities, IRS reflects or redirects signals dynamically to overcome obstacles like buildings. In relation to cloud computing, IRS enhances connectivity between devices and the cloud, ensuring faster, more reliable data transfer for processing and storage.
Top-Level "Space & Airborne Networks" Architecture and System Enhancements
To achieve ubiquitous connectivity, 6G leverages a sophisticated, multi-layered architecture that integrates advanced systems and technologies, forming a dynamic ecosystem for seamless communication and data exchange.
Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Network (SAGSIN): Integrates satellites, high-altitude platforms (HAPs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and Terrestrial nodes to provide comprehensive coverage across terrestrial, aerial, maritime, and space domains, ensuring global connectivity.
Cubesats: are small box-shaped satellites that orbit earth to support wireless communications. With 6G, these tiny satellites work together to provide internet coverage, especially in remote or hard-to-reach places. In the SAGSIN framework, CubeSats form the space layer, working alongside air, ground, and sea systems to create a seamless web of coverage.
Terahertz (THz) and Optical Wireless Communications (OWC): Utilizes high frequency bands and optical systems to deliver ultra high bandwidth and support real time, data intensive applications across dense networks.
Ubiquitous Sensors: sensors are tiny, widespread devices that are deployed and embedded across diverse environments and objects (e.g, Agriculture, Infrastructure, Smart cities, Healthcare, Vehicles, ) to enable pervasive data collection and real time (remote) environmental interaction.
Cloud Computing Integration: refers to the delivery of computing services like storage, processing, and software over the internet, leveraging the high-capacity features of 6G networks. It enables seamless, real-time access to vast resources, supporting advanced applications like AI, IoT, and immersive technologies, all while optimizing efficiency and scalability.
Edge Computing: involves processing data closer to where it’s generated (e.g., devices or sensors) Unlike cloud computing, which centralizes resources in remote data centers, edge computing reduces delays and bandwidth use, making it ideal for real-time applications like autonomous vehicles. It complements cloud computing by handling immediate tasks locally while sending less urgent data to the cloud.
Fog Computing: extends edge computing by adding a layer of distributed processing between devices and the cloud. In 6G, it leverages the network’s speed and connectivity to manage data across multiple nodes, offering more scalability than edge alone. It acts as a bridge, filtering and processing data before it reaches the cloud. Together, edge and fog computing enhance cloud computing by decentralizing workloads, optimizing 6G’s capabilities for faster, smarter, and more localized decision-making.
Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS): are smart surfaces equipped with tiny elements that manipulate radio waves to boost signal strength, coverage, and efficiency. Leveraging 6G’s capabilities, IRS reflects or redirects signals dynamically to overcome obstacles like buildings. In relation to cloud computing, IRS enhances connectivity between devices and the cloud, ensuring faster, more reliable data transfer for processing and storage.
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Computing vs Fog Computing
https://altimetrikpoland.medium.com/edge-computing-vs-fog-computing-12740772cb7
https://altimetrikpoland.medium.com/edge-computing-vs-fog-computing-12740772cb7
Bottom-Level "Terrestrial Networks" : Technical Enablers and Innovations.
Ground Terrestrial networks serve as critical enablers within the Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Network (SAGSIN), forming the land-based foundation for seamless global connectivity. These systems leverage 6G’s capabilities to connect devices, support data-intensive applications, and integrate with space, air, and sea layers.
Key ground terrestrial networks include:
Cell towers: Provide widespread mobile coverage across urban and rural areas.
Fiber optic cables: Deliver ultra-fast data transmission over long distances.
6G base stations: Enhance network capacity and speed for advanced applications.
Satellite ground stations: Facilitate communication with CubeSats and other satellites.
Wi-Fi access points: Enable flexible, high-speed local networks for homes and businesses.
Ubiquitous sensors: Collect real-time data from the environment, like temperature or motion, for smart systems.
Ad hoc networks: Allow devices to connect directly and spontaneously without fixed infrastructure, ideal for temporary or emergency setups.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): Consist of interconnected sensors that wirelessly gather and share environmental data, supporting applications like monitoring and automation.
Smart devices: Intelligent, connected systems (e.g., smart thermostats, security cameras, or wearables) that interact with users and the network, enabling adaptive, context-aware services within homes, cities, and industries.
IoT devices: A vast ecosystem of interconnected objects (e.g. smart appliances, industrial machinery, or agricultural sensors) that collect, process, and transmit data, driving automation and efficiency across the SAGSIN layers.
Cell phones: Ubiquitous personal devices that connect to 6G networks, cell towers, and Wi-Fi, serving as primary interfaces for communication, data access, and real-time interaction with SAGSIN’s integrated layers.
Humans. Body Area Networks (BANs): Wireless networks of wearable or implanted devices that monitor and transmit physiological data (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, or glucose levels), supporting healthcare, fitness, and real-time medical diagnostics.
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Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Cities: A Survey
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1012
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1012
Additional Advanced Enablers Technologies towards ubiquitous connectivity:
Massive MIMO and Beyond: MIMO is an advanced wireless communication technology that employs multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends to enhance data throughput and signal reliability. Massive MIMO leverages 6G’s massive bandwidth and advanced signal processing to send and receive multiple data streams at once.
AI-Driven Optimization: is the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques to enhance the performance and efficiency of wireless networks. Leveraging 6G’s capabilities, AI algorithms analyze network conditions, predict traffic patterns, and dynamically adjust parameters. This intelligent optimization maximizes throughput, minimizes energy consumption, and ensures seamless connectivity, making it a cornerstone for supporting complex 6G applications like autonomous systems, smart cities, and immersive technologies.
Quantum Communications: in the 6G context involves using special technology to make wireless networks extremely secure and efficient. With 6G’s advanced systems, it sends information in a unique way, making the data nearly impossible to spy on without being noticed. This offers a level of protection far beyond what we have today and could also allow faster communication.
Energy Harvesting: refers to capturing small amounts of energy from the environment like sunlight, heat, or radio waves and using it to power devices in the network. With 6G’s widespread connectivity, this technology helps gadgets, such as sensors or phones, run without always needing batteries or plugs. It makes networks more sustainable by reducing energy waste and supports the massive number of devices 6G connects.
Visible Light Communication (VLC): is a technology that uses light from everyday sources like LED bulbs, to send data wirelessly. With 6G VLC turns light into a fast, secure way to communicate by flickering it in patterns too quick for our eyes to see. It’s an alternative to radio waves, offering extra bandwidth and working well indoors or in crowded areas. In 6G, VLC helps connect devices efficiently, supporting things like smart offices or homes with a simple.
Sustainable Satellite Communications in the 6G Era: A European View for Multilayer Systems and Space Safety
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9893104
Wireless Communications Networks: A Comprehensive Survey
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9598915
Power Hotspots in Space: Powering CubeSats via Inter-Satellite Optical Wireless Power Transfer
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-vision-of-ISTN-in-future-6G-networks_fig1_349989963
IEEE The Internet of Space Things/CubeSats: A ubiquitous cyber-physical system for the connected world
https://people.computing.clemson.edu/~jmarty/projects/lowLatencyNetworking/papers/LEO-Sat-Broadband-Access/IoT-CubeSats-AUbiquitousCPS.pdf
6G: Technology Evolution in Future Wireless Networks https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10491244
Click on pics to enlarge
User-Centric Enviroment 1. 6g Technologies 2. Cloud, Fog, Edge computing 3. Satellite and UAV communication 4. Ultra Massive Mimo Technology 5. VLC visual light communication 6. Intelligent surface communication
Click on pics to enlarge
User-Centric Enviroment 1. 6g Technologies 2. Cloud, Fog, Edge computing 3. Satellite and UAV communication 4. Ultra Massive Mimo Technology 5. VLC visual light communication 6. Intelligent surface communication
Drones. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Drones will transform industries by harnessing ultra-fast, low-latency 6G networks to serve as dynamic flying communication hubs and highly intelligent devices. They’ll enable real-time solutions for diverse applications, such as rapid disaster response, efficient last-mile delivery, precision farming, and advanced telemedicine, by seamlessly collecting and sharing critical data. Advanced telemetry systems, inspired by IEEE research, will ensure secure and efficient transmission of vital information, including health metrics from body worn sensors and Biosensors (WBAN), paving the way for innovative human machine interactions. Cutting-edge technologies like AI-driven decision-making, quantum communication for unparalleled security, and energy-efficient networks with wireless power transfer will empower drones to operate autonomously, process complex bio-data in real time, and integrate effortlessly with global communication ecosystems.
Emerging Technologies for 6G Communication Networks: Machine Learning Approaches
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10534410/
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8682048/figures#figures
A Review of UAV Platforms for Autonomous Applications: Comprehensive Analysis and Future Directions
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10120941/figures#figures
Internet of UAVs Based Remote Health Monitoring: An Online eHealth System
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9490982
Implementation of IoT and UAV Based WBAN for healthcare applications
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9545052
What Is a Drone Swarm?
https://builtin.com/articles/drone-swarm
Daily mail UK, 'Impressive' footage showing skies of China lit up with 10,000 drones sends social media into frenzy but some people are concerned
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13907639/china-drones-sky-viral-video-twitter.html
Emerging Technologies for 6G Communication Networks: Machine Learning Approaches
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10534410/
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8682048/figures#figures
A Review of UAV Platforms for Autonomous Applications: Comprehensive Analysis and Future Directions
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10120941/figures#figures
Internet of UAVs Based Remote Health Monitoring: An Online eHealth System
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9490982
Implementation of IoT and UAV Based WBAN for healthcare applications
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9545052
What Is a Drone Swarm?
https://builtin.com/articles/drone-swarm
Daily mail UK, 'Impressive' footage showing skies of China lit up with 10,000 drones sends social media into frenzy but some people are concerned
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13907639/china-drones-sky-viral-video-twitter.html
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Click on pics to enlarge Software-Defined UAV Networks for 6G Systems: Requirements, Opportunities, Emerging Techniques, Challenges, and Research Directions https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10274880/figures#figures 1. Application scenarios of SDUAV networks 2. Enabling technologies for SDUAV networks. |
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Sensors
Ubiquitous Sensors embedded across the Earth are the foundations for a hyper connected, intelligent world, set to fully emerge by 2030 and evolve into the 2040s. These sensors, ranging from satellites size sensors to nano-scale systems, enable 6G’s Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), global coverage via the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN), and AI-driven applications, creating a planetary sensory network. They monitor everything from environmental conditions to human health, supporting smart cities, autonomous systems, and personalized services, while driving a future where the physical and digital worlds are seamlessly integrated.
Remote Sensing Satellites for Digital Earth
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_3
TYPES OF SENSORS
https://geographicbook.com/types-of-sensors/
IEEE A Systematic Review on Clone Node Detection in Static Wireless Sensor Networks
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9046044
Sensors for daily life: A review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666351121000425
Internet of Things and smart sensors in agriculture: Scopes and challenges
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154323002831
Sensor Technologies and their distinct roles:
Nanoparticles: These 1–100 nm particles enhance sensor sensitivity, used in biosensors for health monitoring and environmental sensors for gas detection, deployed in air, food, and humans.
MEMS: Microelectromechanical systems are sensors with mechanical parts, deployed in cities, agriculture, and UAVs for air quality and motion detection.
Smart Dust: Tiny MEMS or nano-sensors scattered as“dust” to monitor environments, deployed in air by drones for data collection.
Metamaterials: Engineered materials that enhance sensor signal detection, used in 6G for THz antennas and lenses, improving ISAC in challenging environments like underwater or urban areas.
Biosensors: Sensors with biological elements to detect biomarkers, made by "Bosch, STMicro", and specialized firms like "Abbott", deployed in wearables, implants, agriculture and for health monitoring.
Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms with high conductivity, used to improve sensor sensitivity and speed, deployed in air for pollution monitoring, on/in the body for health tracking, and in industry for chemical detection.
MIT Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer
https://resenv.media.mit.edu/classarchive/MAS961/readings/SmartDust.pdf
DARPA Implantable “Neural Dust” Enables Precise Wireless Recording of Nerve Activity
https://www.darpa.mil/news/2016/implantable-neural-dust
Metamaterials and Functional Surfaces
https://metamaterial.com/technologies/metamaterials-and-functional-surfaces/
How are sensors deployed across the Earth?
Sensors are deployed across the Earth in diverse ways to ensure comprehensive coverage. In the sky, LEO satellites (part of SAGIN) deploy sensors to monitor climate and disasters, launched by companies like "Nokia". UAVs, Aerial dispersal Planes and High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) scatter sensors in the air, like smart dust over remote areas for environmental tracking. On land, sensors are embedded in smart city infrastructure (roads, buildings)
by companies "Nokia and Siemens" and in Agriculture by companies "Bosch and Texas Instruments" monitoring soil and crops. In the sea, buoys, AUVs, and coastal sensors track ocean conditions. At the nano-scale, sensors are mixed into materials, sprayed as aerosols, are in implants or ingested (e.g.smart pills). This deployment leverages 6G’s THz frequencies, ensuring seamless data collection from every corner of the planet.
Sensor Manufacturers
Bosch : Manufacturing and Deploying MEMS sensors in smart cities, agriculture, IoT applications and precision farming.
https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/
Texas Instruments : Sensors for Agriculture and industrial uses, deployed via smart farming and automation systems.
https://www.ti.com/
STMicroelectronics : production of MEMS sensors for industrial, automotive, and health applications.
https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en.html
Siemens : Sensors for the smart city and IoT infrastructure i.e energy grids and buildings, aligning with 6G’s urban applications.
https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html
Global Trillion Sensor Deployments.
CeNSE- Hewlett-Packard
https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_056798.pdf
Trillion Sensors and MEMS
https://sensors.myu-group.co.jp/sm_pdf/SM1534.pdf
The Trillion Sensors (TSensors) Foundation for the IoT
https://www.iot-inc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2-Janusz.pdf
Ericson. In the 6g world. Designing a sensor-driven world: the research take on zero-energy devices
https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2023/5/zero-energy-devices-sensor-driven-world
TSensors Vision, Infrastructure and Security Challenges in Trillion Sensor Era
https://tehranipoor.ece.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2017-HaSS-TSensor.pdf
Remote Sensing Satellites for Digital Earth
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_3
TYPES OF SENSORS
https://geographicbook.com/types-of-sensors/
IEEE A Systematic Review on Clone Node Detection in Static Wireless Sensor Networks
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9046044
Sensors for daily life: A review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666351121000425
Internet of Things and smart sensors in agriculture: Scopes and challenges
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154323002831
Sensor Technologies and their distinct roles:
Nanoparticles: These 1–100 nm particles enhance sensor sensitivity, used in biosensors for health monitoring and environmental sensors for gas detection, deployed in air, food, and humans.
MEMS: Microelectromechanical systems are sensors with mechanical parts, deployed in cities, agriculture, and UAVs for air quality and motion detection.
Smart Dust: Tiny MEMS or nano-sensors scattered as“dust” to monitor environments, deployed in air by drones for data collection.
Metamaterials: Engineered materials that enhance sensor signal detection, used in 6G for THz antennas and lenses, improving ISAC in challenging environments like underwater or urban areas.
Biosensors: Sensors with biological elements to detect biomarkers, made by "Bosch, STMicro", and specialized firms like "Abbott", deployed in wearables, implants, agriculture and for health monitoring.
Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms with high conductivity, used to improve sensor sensitivity and speed, deployed in air for pollution monitoring, on/in the body for health tracking, and in industry for chemical detection.
MIT Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer
https://resenv.media.mit.edu/classarchive/MAS961/readings/SmartDust.pdf
DARPA Implantable “Neural Dust” Enables Precise Wireless Recording of Nerve Activity
https://www.darpa.mil/news/2016/implantable-neural-dust
Metamaterials and Functional Surfaces
https://metamaterial.com/technologies/metamaterials-and-functional-surfaces/
How are sensors deployed across the Earth?
Sensors are deployed across the Earth in diverse ways to ensure comprehensive coverage. In the sky, LEO satellites (part of SAGIN) deploy sensors to monitor climate and disasters, launched by companies like "Nokia". UAVs, Aerial dispersal Planes and High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) scatter sensors in the air, like smart dust over remote areas for environmental tracking. On land, sensors are embedded in smart city infrastructure (roads, buildings)
by companies "Nokia and Siemens" and in Agriculture by companies "Bosch and Texas Instruments" monitoring soil and crops. In the sea, buoys, AUVs, and coastal sensors track ocean conditions. At the nano-scale, sensors are mixed into materials, sprayed as aerosols, are in implants or ingested (e.g.smart pills). This deployment leverages 6G’s THz frequencies, ensuring seamless data collection from every corner of the planet.
Sensor Manufacturers
Bosch : Manufacturing and Deploying MEMS sensors in smart cities, agriculture, IoT applications and precision farming.
https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/
Texas Instruments : Sensors for Agriculture and industrial uses, deployed via smart farming and automation systems.
https://www.ti.com/
STMicroelectronics : production of MEMS sensors for industrial, automotive, and health applications.
https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en.html
Siemens : Sensors for the smart city and IoT infrastructure i.e energy grids and buildings, aligning with 6G’s urban applications.
https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html
Global Trillion Sensor Deployments.
CeNSE- Hewlett-Packard
https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_056798.pdf
Trillion Sensors and MEMS
https://sensors.myu-group.co.jp/sm_pdf/SM1534.pdf
The Trillion Sensors (TSensors) Foundation for the IoT
https://www.iot-inc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2-Janusz.pdf
Ericson. In the 6g world. Designing a sensor-driven world: the research take on zero-energy devices
https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2023/5/zero-energy-devices-sensor-driven-world
TSensors Vision, Infrastructure and Security Challenges in Trillion Sensor Era
https://tehranipoor.ece.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2017-HaSS-TSensor.pdf
The Terahertz band
6g Terahertz Frequencies in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Terahertz (THz) frequency band, typically ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz, is a key area of interest for 6G and beyond wireless communication systems. It sits between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, offering a vast, largely untapped bandwidth that could enable ultra-high-speed data transmission far exceeding current 5G capabilities. THz technology will revolutionize multiple sectors like Healthcare with real-time Telemedicine and remote surgeries using holographic imaging, Agriculture through precision farming with high-res sensors for soil and crop monitoring, Entertainment via ultra-HD streaming and immersive VR, Transportation with instant vehicle-to-vehicle communications and Autonomous systems, like self-driving cars, drones, and robots, will benefit from the terahertz (THz). Furthermore the THz band will merge with Cutting edge Technology like Quantum Communications, AI networks, Space-terrestrial systems, pushing boundaries in areas like The Biodigital Convergence, Brain-computer interfaces, and Human Augmentation.
Nanowerk Terahertz Technologies explained
https://www.nanowerk.com/terahertz-technologies-explained.php
Terahertz Radiation wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz_radiation
Huawei Terahertz Sensing and Communication Towards Future Intelligence Connected Networks
https://www-file.huawei.com/-/media/corp2020/pdf/publications/huawei-research/issue2/terahertz_sensing_and_communication_en.pdf?la=en
Terahertz channels in atmospheric conditions: Propagation characteristics and security performance https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266732582400428X
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Quantum Computing 6g
Quantum Computing will elevate smart cities by enhancing 6G networks' ability to connect countless devices seamlessly, ensuring reliable communication across urban systems with exceptional precision, far beyond current technology’s capabilities. By the 2030s, it will swiftly process vast amounts of data to optimize city operations, such as streamlining public transportation to reduce wait times, regulating water systems to conserve resources, or enhancing disaster response by mapping safe evacuation routes in real time. Additionally, it will enable robust connectivity for critical services, such as linking emergency response teams during crises, coordinating public transit schedules to avoid disruptions, or integrating renewable energy sources into city grids without outages. It could analyze weather and population data to adjust heating in public buildings, saving energy, or maintain uninterrupted connections between hospitals and ambulances for real-time patient updates. Quantum computing will fortify city defenses against cyberattacks, securing essential services like communication networks and healthcare facilities. This unmatched ability to solve complex problems quickly will make cities more sustainable, responsive, and safe, transforming urban life for residents.
Quantum Computing for Smart Cities Solving Complex Urban Problems
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/quantum-computing-for-smart-cities-solving-complex-urban-problems/
In-Network Quantum Computing for Future 6G Networks
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/qute.202300334
Quantum information technology
https://www.iec.ch/basecamp/quantum-information-technology
Quantum Computing: Fundamentals, Implementations and Applications
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9783210
Quantum for Society: Meeting the Ambition of the SDGs
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantum_for_Society_2024.pdf
Quantum Computing for Smart Cities Solving Complex Urban Problems
https://quantumzeitgeist.com/quantum-computing-for-smart-cities-solving-complex-urban-problems/
In-Network Quantum Computing for Future 6G Networks
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/qute.202300334
Quantum information technology
https://www.iec.ch/basecamp/quantum-information-technology
Quantum Computing: Fundamentals, Implementations and Applications
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9783210
Quantum for Society: Meeting the Ambition of the SDGs
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Quantum_for_Society_2024.pdf
Artificial Intelligence. AI-Native 6g
AI-native refers to a philosophy where Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not just an add-on or an enhancement but is deeply embedded into the core architecture of the network from the outset. Unlike previous generations (e.g.4G or 5G), where AI might be layered on top for specific optimizations, 6G is envisioned as a system where AI is intrinsic to how the network operates, making it smarter, more adaptive, and capable of handling the extreme demands of future connectivity.
How AI-Native Relates to 6G Connectivity
Core Integration: AI is built into every layer Radio Access Network (RAN), core network, and edge computing. For example, an AI-native RAN uses machine learning to dynamically manage radio resources, like adjusting signal beams or bandwidth in real-time based on user needs, device density, or environmental factors.
Real-Time Optimization: 6G aims for near-zero latency, ultra-high data rates (up to 1 Tbps), and massive connectivity (millions of devices per square kilometer). AI-native systems enable this by continuously analyzing data from the network and making instant decisions e.g., predicting traffic spikes, rerouting data, or optimizing energy use without relying on static rules or human intervention.
Enabling Advanced Applications: The AI-native supports 6G’s pioneering expressions, like holographic communication and autonomous vehicle networks. AI processes the massive data flows and coordinates complex tasks, such as syncing a fleet of drones or rendering real-time 3D holograms, seamlessly across the network.
Self-Managing Networks: AI-native are self configuring, self healing, and self optimizing. If a base station fails or interference spikes, AI detects and resolves it autonomously, ensuring uninterrupted connectivity.
Technology Synergy: 6G leverages cutting edge tech like terahertz frequencies, ultra-massive MIMO, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). An AI-native system orchestrates these components for instance, using AI to adjust RIS panels to redirect signals around obstacles, maximizing coverage and efficiency.
The AI-native concept in 6G lays the groundwork for future networks (e.g., 7G) that might incorporate Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). This could lead to networks that not only optimize but also "reason" and adapt to entirely new scenarios, like integrating with brain-computer interfaces or fully immersive metaverse ecosystems.
Toward Native Artificial Intelligence in 6G Networks: System Design, Architectures, and Paradigms
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02823
Nokia Toward a 6G AI-Native Air Interface
https://www.nokia.com/asset/210299
AI-Native Network Slicing for 6G Networks
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359723970_AI-Native_Network_Slicing_for_6G_Networks
How AI-Native Relates to 6G Connectivity
Core Integration: AI is built into every layer Radio Access Network (RAN), core network, and edge computing. For example, an AI-native RAN uses machine learning to dynamically manage radio resources, like adjusting signal beams or bandwidth in real-time based on user needs, device density, or environmental factors.
Real-Time Optimization: 6G aims for near-zero latency, ultra-high data rates (up to 1 Tbps), and massive connectivity (millions of devices per square kilometer). AI-native systems enable this by continuously analyzing data from the network and making instant decisions e.g., predicting traffic spikes, rerouting data, or optimizing energy use without relying on static rules or human intervention.
Enabling Advanced Applications: The AI-native supports 6G’s pioneering expressions, like holographic communication and autonomous vehicle networks. AI processes the massive data flows and coordinates complex tasks, such as syncing a fleet of drones or rendering real-time 3D holograms, seamlessly across the network.
Self-Managing Networks: AI-native are self configuring, self healing, and self optimizing. If a base station fails or interference spikes, AI detects and resolves it autonomously, ensuring uninterrupted connectivity.
Technology Synergy: 6G leverages cutting edge tech like terahertz frequencies, ultra-massive MIMO, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). An AI-native system orchestrates these components for instance, using AI to adjust RIS panels to redirect signals around obstacles, maximizing coverage and efficiency.
The AI-native concept in 6G lays the groundwork for future networks (e.g., 7G) that might incorporate Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). This could lead to networks that not only optimize but also "reason" and adapt to entirely new scenarios, like integrating with brain-computer interfaces or fully immersive metaverse ecosystems.
Toward Native Artificial Intelligence in 6G Networks: System Design, Architectures, and Paradigms
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02823
Nokia Toward a 6G AI-Native Air Interface
https://www.nokia.com/asset/210299
AI-Native Network Slicing for 6G Networks
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359723970_AI-Native_Network_Slicing_for_6G_Networks
BlockChain
The Blockchain is a decentralized and encrypted database that operates as a distributed digital ledger (DLT), utilizing shared ledger technology to record and distribute data across a peer-to-peer (P2P) network of computers, known as nodes. It functions on the principle of consensus, ensuring the prevention of fraudulent activity by duplicating and distributing transactions across the network. Each ledger represents a chain of blocks connected through hash capacity, and once a record is accepted by the blockchain, it becomes permanent and immutable, unable to be changed or lost, providing a secure and transparent system for storing transaction records shared among members. Blockchain will evolve as a key technology in 6G networks, enhancing security and trust across all layers, from satellites to nano-sensors. As networks grow denser into the 2030s and beyond, blockchain will provide a scalable trust framework, supporting seamless connectivity for increasingly intelligent and autonomous systems.
Unlocking a Promising Future: Integrating Blockchain Technology and FL-IoT in the Journey to 6G
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10614448
IBM What is blockchain?
https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/blockchain
From blockchain to Web3
https://onestore.nokia.com/asset/213367
Unlocking a Promising Future: Integrating Blockchain Technology and FL-IoT in the Journey to 6G
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10614448
IBM What is blockchain?
https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/blockchain
From blockchain to Web3
https://onestore.nokia.com/asset/213367
Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that establishes a direct communication link between the brain and an external device, bypassing traditional neuromuscular pathways. It captures brain signals typically through electroencephalography (EEG) for non-invasive methods or implanted electrodes for invasive approaches processes them using algorithms, and translates them into commands to control devices like computers, robotic limbs, or wheelchairs. BCIs can be non-invasive (e.g.wearable headsets), semi-invasive (e.g.electrodes under the skull), or invasive (e.g. implanted directly in brain tissue).
BCI technology will advance using 6G’s ultra-low latency and massive connectivity to enable seamless brain-to-device control. This will improve applications like robotic control, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, making them more responsive. BCIs will integrate with AI and nanotechnology for better signal accuracy, supporting advanced uses like cognitive enhancement, neurorehabilitation, and brain-to-brain communication.though signal accuracy and ethical issues will need addressing.
Haptic communication involves transmitting information through the sense of touch, using technology to simulate tactile sensations like pressure, vibration, or texture, enhancing digital interactions with a physical dimension. It relies on devices such as actuators in gloves, suits, or controllers to create these sensations, often paired with sensors to detect user movements. Haptic communication will leverage 6G’s connectivity to enable real-time tactile feedback across applications like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and Telemedicine such as a surgeon feeling tissue resistance during remote surgery. Its integration with Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is significant, as BCIs can control devices via thought, while haptics provides sensory feedback.
Brain–computer interface
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface
Bridging Minds and Machines: The Recent Advances of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Neurological and Neurosurgical Applications
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875024008672
Brain–computer interface: trend, challenges, and threats
https://braininformatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40708-023-00199-3
BCI technology will advance using 6G’s ultra-low latency and massive connectivity to enable seamless brain-to-device control. This will improve applications like robotic control, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, making them more responsive. BCIs will integrate with AI and nanotechnology for better signal accuracy, supporting advanced uses like cognitive enhancement, neurorehabilitation, and brain-to-brain communication.though signal accuracy and ethical issues will need addressing.
Haptic communication involves transmitting information through the sense of touch, using technology to simulate tactile sensations like pressure, vibration, or texture, enhancing digital interactions with a physical dimension. It relies on devices such as actuators in gloves, suits, or controllers to create these sensations, often paired with sensors to detect user movements. Haptic communication will leverage 6G’s connectivity to enable real-time tactile feedback across applications like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and Telemedicine such as a surgeon feeling tissue resistance during remote surgery. Its integration with Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is significant, as BCIs can control devices via thought, while haptics provides sensory feedback.
Brain–computer interface
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface
Bridging Minds and Machines: The Recent Advances of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Neurological and Neurosurgical Applications
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875024008672
Brain–computer interface: trend, challenges, and threats
https://braininformatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40708-023-00199-3
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1. BCI Brain-Computer Interface 2. Haptic Communications click on pics to enlarge From Efficiency to Sustainability: Exploring the Potential of 6G for a Greener Future https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/23/16387 |
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Digital Twins
A Digital Twin is a virtual, real-time representation of a physical object, system, or process. It uses data from sensors, IoT devices, and other sources to mirror the physical entity’s state, behavior, and interactions. While Digital Twins are already operational in various industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and smart cities, their role in 6G and beyond is expected to be transformative due to the advanced capabilities of next generation networks.
Digital Twins will leverage 6gs ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and AI-driven intelligence to create highly accurate, dynamic models of complex environments. 6G is anticipated to provide the bandwidth and speed which is maximised by the terahertz frequencies to support real time synchronization between the physical world and its digital counterpart at an unprecedented scale. This will include everything from smart infrastructure to human centric applications (e.g., health monitoring or augmented reality).
Digital Twin Architectures, Networks, and Applications
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-51819-5 for PDF
Application of Digital Twins in multiple fields
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-022-12536-5
Digital Twin Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_twin
Digital Twins will leverage 6gs ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and AI-driven intelligence to create highly accurate, dynamic models of complex environments. 6G is anticipated to provide the bandwidth and speed which is maximised by the terahertz frequencies to support real time synchronization between the physical world and its digital counterpart at an unprecedented scale. This will include everything from smart infrastructure to human centric applications (e.g., health monitoring or augmented reality).
Digital Twin Architectures, Networks, and Applications
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-51819-5 for PDF
Application of Digital Twins in multiple fields
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-022-12536-5
Digital Twin Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_twin
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1. Digital Twinning of Everything on Earth 2. Digital Twin of the Entire Human Makeup. Click on pics to enlarge 1. IEEE Empowering 6G Communication Systems With Digital Twin Technology: A Comprehensive Survey https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9923927 2. Memristor-Based Intelligent Human-Like Neural Computing https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aelm.202200877 |
The Internet of Nano things (IoNT) and the Internet of Bio Nano things (IoBNT)
The Internet of Nano Things IoNT represents an evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) by integrating nanoscale devices (tiny machines or sensors measuring 1–100 nanometers into communication networks.) In the 6G and beyond context, IoNT leverages advanced wireless technologies, such as terahertz (THz) and optical frequency bands, to enable high-speed, ultra-low-latency communication between these nanodevices. The goal is to interconnect nanosensors and nanomachines with existing networks and the internet, facilitating applications in diverse fields like healthcare, agriculture, industry, and military. In healthcare, nanosensors monitor vital signs at a cellular level, while in industry, they could optimize energy systems. 6G’s capabilities will enhance edge computing and support the massive data exchange and real-time processing required by IoNT, pushing the boundaries of miniaturization and connectivity.
Nanowerk.What is nanotechnology?
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction/introduction_to_nanotechnology_1.php#what-is
Internet of Nano Things (IoNT): Next Evolutionary Step in Nanotechnology
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313523261_Internet_of_Nano_Things_IoNT_Next_Evolutionary_Step_in_Nanotechnology
Internet of Nano-Things, Things and Everything: Future Growth Trends
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/8/68
The Internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346492622_The_Internet_of_Nano_Things_IoNT_Existing_State_and_Future_Prospects
Nanowerk.What is nanotechnology?
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction/introduction_to_nanotechnology_1.php#what-is
Internet of Nano Things (IoNT): Next Evolutionary Step in Nanotechnology
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313523261_Internet_of_Nano_Things_IoNT_Next_Evolutionary_Step_in_Nanotechnology
Internet of Nano-Things, Things and Everything: Future Growth Trends
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/8/68
The Internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346492622_The_Internet_of_Nano_Things_IoNT_Existing_State_and_Future_Prospects
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Click on pics to enlarge 1. The Future of Healthcare: Nanomedicine and Internet of Nano Things https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273505407_The_Future_of_Healthcare_Nanomedicine_and_Internet_of_Nano_Things 2. Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT): A Comprehensive Review from Architecture to Security and Privacy Challenges https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2807 |
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The Internet of Bio Nano Things IoBNT takes IoNT further by focusing on hybrid networks that combine biological entities (e.g., engineered bacteria or cells) with artificial nanoscale devices, interfaced with conventional communication systems. In the 6G+ era, IoBNT aims to bridge the biological and digital domains, enabling direct interaction with living systems for precise sensing and control. Unlike traditional electromagnetic communication, IoBNT often employs molecular communication (MC), where information is encoded in molecules (e.g. DNA or proteins) and transmitted through biochemical reactions, alongside radio and ultrasonic methods. This is particularly suited for in body applications for continuous health monitoring or targeted drug delivery, where nanodevices operate inside the human body. 6G’s advanced infrastructure, including AI integration and robust bio-cyber interfaces , enhances IoBNT’s potential, making it a cornerstone for precision medicine and environmental monitoring.
Internet of Nano, Bio-Nano, Biodegradable and Ingestible Things: A Survey
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.12409
Click on pics to enlarge
1. IEEE 6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9145564
2. ITU INTERNET OF BIO‑NANO THINGS: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AND KEY CHALLENGES
https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/jnl/S-JNL-VOL2.ISSUE3-2021-A08-PDF-E.pdf
3. IEEE PANACEA: An Internet of Bio-NanoThings Application for Early Detection and Mitigation of Infectious Diseases
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9149878
1. IEEE 6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9145564
2. ITU INTERNET OF BIO‑NANO THINGS: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AND KEY CHALLENGES
https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/jnl/S-JNL-VOL2.ISSUE3-2021-A08-PDF-E.pdf
3. IEEE PANACEA: An Internet of Bio-NanoThings Application for Early Detection and Mitigation of Infectious Diseases
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9149878
Remote Healthcare in 6g and beyond
IEEE The Next Generation of eHealth: A Multidisciplinary Survey
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9996365 |
Remote Healthcare is set to transform medical access and delivery through 6G networks, anticipated around 2030, which offer ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity, and AI-driven intelligence. This enables real-time, personalized health services, from continuous monitoring to complex remote interventions, transcending geographic limits. EHealth and Telemedicine, bolstered by wearables and implantable biosensors, form the backbone of this ecosystem, with graphene-based technologies enhancing device performance. Graphene, a highly conductive, flexible nanomaterial, elevates sensor sensitivity and efficiency, enabling precise health data collection. Together, these innovations promise equitable, proactive care, provided challenges like data security, scalability, and accessibility are addressed.
eHealth – Technology for health
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/551324/EPRS_BRI(2015)551324_EN.pdf
WHO Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/gs4dhdaa2a9f352b0445bafbc79ca799dce4d.pdf
Telemedicine: A Survey of Telecommunication Technologies, Developments, and Challenges
https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/2/20
The Metaverse
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EU. Metaverse - Virtual World, Real Challenges
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54987/metaverse-paper-9-march-2022.pdf
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54987/metaverse-paper-9-march-2022.pdf
The Metaverse represents a transformative digital frontier, an interconnected ecosystem of 3D virtual environments where users engage through avatars, seamlessly blending physical and digital realities. Driven by advanced technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, it redefines human interaction across socializing, working, gaming, and commerce. Envisioned as the next evolution of the internet, the metaverse offers persistent, immersive spaces that transcend traditional online platforms. With 6G networks the metaverse is poised to deliver expansive, life like experiences on an unparalleled scale. The following points elucidate its core attributes:
Immersive Interaction: Facilitates vivid experiences through VR, AR, and mixed reality (MR), enabling participation in virtual concerts, professional collaborations, or social gatherings with a profound sense of presence.
Persistent Worlds: Operates as continuous digital environments supporting ongoing activities and economies, independent of user sessions.
Interoperability: Promotes fluid transfer of digital identities and assets, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), across platforms, often secured by blockchain.
Economic Potential: Cultivates virtual marketplaces for digital goods, real estate, and services, with projections estimating a multi-trillion-dollar valuation by 2030.
6G Enablement: Leverages 6G’s near-instantaneous connectivity and high capacity to support real-time, large-scale applications, from holographic communications to intricate digital simulations.
What is the metaverse? An explanation and in-depth guide
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/The-metaverse-explained-Everything-you-need-to-know
Deloitte Welcome to the metaverse
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/ca-industry-tmt-welcome-to-the-metaverse-en.pdf
WEF Metaverse Identity: Defining the Self in a Blended Reality
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Metaverse_Identity_Defining_the_Self_in_a_Blended_Reality_2024.pdf
IEEE Metaverse for 6G and Beyond: The Next Revolution and Deployment Challenges
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370652653_Metaverse_for_6G_and_Beyond_The_Next_Revolution_and_Deployment_Challenges
AI and 6G Into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trends
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415393
I.F. AKYILDIZ, ITU, NETWORKING 2030: METAVERSE, EXTENDED REALITY, HOLOGRAM TYPE and MULSEMEDIA COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN 6G and BEYOND SYSTEMS
https://networking.ifip.org/2023/images/documents/2023-06-13-Ian_Akyildiz-IFIP.pdf
Immersive Interaction: Facilitates vivid experiences through VR, AR, and mixed reality (MR), enabling participation in virtual concerts, professional collaborations, or social gatherings with a profound sense of presence.
Persistent Worlds: Operates as continuous digital environments supporting ongoing activities and economies, independent of user sessions.
Interoperability: Promotes fluid transfer of digital identities and assets, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), across platforms, often secured by blockchain.
Economic Potential: Cultivates virtual marketplaces for digital goods, real estate, and services, with projections estimating a multi-trillion-dollar valuation by 2030.
6G Enablement: Leverages 6G’s near-instantaneous connectivity and high capacity to support real-time, large-scale applications, from holographic communications to intricate digital simulations.
What is the metaverse? An explanation and in-depth guide
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/The-metaverse-explained-Everything-you-need-to-know
Deloitte Welcome to the metaverse
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/ca-industry-tmt-welcome-to-the-metaverse-en.pdf
WEF Metaverse Identity: Defining the Self in a Blended Reality
https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Metaverse_Identity_Defining_the_Self_in_a_Blended_Reality_2024.pdf
IEEE Metaverse for 6G and Beyond: The Next Revolution and Deployment Challenges
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370652653_Metaverse_for_6G_and_Beyond_The_Next_Revolution_and_Deployment_Challenges
AI and 6G Into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trends
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415393
I.F. AKYILDIZ, ITU, NETWORKING 2030: METAVERSE, EXTENDED REALITY, HOLOGRAM TYPE and MULSEMEDIA COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN 6G and BEYOND SYSTEMS
https://networking.ifip.org/2023/images/documents/2023-06-13-Ian_Akyildiz-IFIP.pdf
The Metaverse in HealthCare
A Prime example of the Metaverse’s potential is its application in healthcare, where several components are already operational, transforming medical practice and patient care:
Telemedicine: VR-based consultations are in use, offering immersive patient-doctor interactions beyond standard video calls (e.g., platforms like XRHealth).
Medical Training: VR simulations are widely adopted, enabling professionals to practice surgical techniques in realistic virtual settings (e.g., Osso VR, ImmersiveTouch).
Therapy and Rehabilitation: VR environments are operational for mental health treatments, like anxiety therapy, and AR supports physical rehabilitation (e.g., Bravemind for PTSD).
Pain Management: VR is actively used in hospitals to reduce patient discomfort through therapeutic virtual settings, such as calming landscapes.
Digital Twins: Emerging in practice, virtual patient models powered by wearable data enable real-time monitoring of conditions like diabetes, with broader adoption expected.
Advanced Applications: Early pilots for remote robotic surgeries and holographic diagnostics are underway, with full scalability awaiting 6G’s rollout.
Metaverse for Healthcare: A Survey on Potential Applications, Challenges and Future Directions
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10034994?figureId=fig4#fig4
The application of Metaverse in healthcare
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420367/full
Top 10: Uses of the Metaverse in Healthcare
https://healthcare-digital.com/top10/top-10-uses-of-the-metaverse-in-healthcare
A Systematic Review of Digital Twin Technology for Home Care
https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3681797
Telemedicine: VR-based consultations are in use, offering immersive patient-doctor interactions beyond standard video calls (e.g., platforms like XRHealth).
Medical Training: VR simulations are widely adopted, enabling professionals to practice surgical techniques in realistic virtual settings (e.g., Osso VR, ImmersiveTouch).
Therapy and Rehabilitation: VR environments are operational for mental health treatments, like anxiety therapy, and AR supports physical rehabilitation (e.g., Bravemind for PTSD).
Pain Management: VR is actively used in hospitals to reduce patient discomfort through therapeutic virtual settings, such as calming landscapes.
Digital Twins: Emerging in practice, virtual patient models powered by wearable data enable real-time monitoring of conditions like diabetes, with broader adoption expected.
Advanced Applications: Early pilots for remote robotic surgeries and holographic diagnostics are underway, with full scalability awaiting 6G’s rollout.
Metaverse for Healthcare: A Survey on Potential Applications, Challenges and Future Directions
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10034994?figureId=fig4#fig4
The application of Metaverse in healthcare
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420367/full
Top 10: Uses of the Metaverse in Healthcare
https://healthcare-digital.com/top10/top-10-uses-of-the-metaverse-in-healthcare
A Systematic Review of Digital Twin Technology for Home Care
https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3681797
1. Metaverse Health Applications. Metaverse Applications in Bioinformatics: A Machine Learning Framework for the Discrimination of Anti-Cancer Peptides https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/1/48
2. Metaverse Digital Twin 3. Remote Surgery Digital Twin - Physician VR GLasses/ Haptic Applications - Robot Patient - Human Patient. Metaverse Wearables for Immersive Digital Healthcare: A Review https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/advs.202303234
2. Metaverse Digital Twin 3. Remote Surgery Digital Twin - Physician VR GLasses/ Haptic Applications - Robot Patient - Human Patient. Metaverse Wearables for Immersive Digital Healthcare: A Review https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/advs.202303234
Visual and Video Imaging in 6g
6G and future wireless technologies is set to revolutionize visual and video imaging, transforming how we create, share, and experience digital content. With speeds potentially reaching terabits per second, microsecond latency, and massive device connectivity, 6G will power hyper realistic visuals that blur the line between digital and physical realities. particularly through terahertz (THz) video and visual imaging.
Enhanced Visual Fidelity: Ultra high resolution imaging (16K, 32K, holographic) with AI driven real time rendering for photorealistic visuals. Instant processing for lag-free image and video enhancement across devices. Light field and holographic displays enabling 3D visuals for AR and VR.
Metaverse Advancements: Photorealistic virtual worlds supporting millions with dynamic, detailed rendering. Real time high fidelity content creation via edge computing for personalized spaces. Cinematic quality live rendered scenes for immersive social and collaborative experiences.
VR and Human-Centric Networking: High resolution avatars capturing subtle gestures for empathetic VR interactions.Large-scale VR events with synchronized visuals for inclusive engagement .Multisensory integration (visuals, haptics, audio) for emotionally rich experiences.
Enhanced Visual Fidelity: Ultra high resolution imaging (16K, 32K, holographic) with AI driven real time rendering for photorealistic visuals. Instant processing for lag-free image and video enhancement across devices. Light field and holographic displays enabling 3D visuals for AR and VR.
Metaverse Advancements: Photorealistic virtual worlds supporting millions with dynamic, detailed rendering. Real time high fidelity content creation via edge computing for personalized spaces. Cinematic quality live rendered scenes for immersive social and collaborative experiences.
VR and Human-Centric Networking: High resolution avatars capturing subtle gestures for empathetic VR interactions.Large-scale VR events with synchronized visuals for inclusive engagement .Multisensory integration (visuals, haptics, audio) for emotionally rich experiences.
6G will extend visual and video imaging into new domains and connectivity to enhance human experiences :
Healthcare and Telemedicine: High fidelity imaging will enable real time 3D visualizations of medical data, like holographic organ models, for precise diagnostics and remote surgeries. VR training with lifelike simulations will enhance medical education globally.
Education and Training: Virtual classrooms with photorealistic simulations of historical or scientific scenarios will make learning immersive and globally accessible.
Entertainment and Media: Interactive storytelling and live VR events, such as concerts, will deliver visuals rivaling physical experiences, engaging global audiences with real-time, hyper-realistic narratives.
Urban Planning and Architecture: Photorealistic VR models of cities or buildings will enable collaborative design with real-time adjustments, integrating global stakeholder input efficiently.
Social and Cultural Preservation: Detailed digitization of artifacts and heritage sites in the metaverse will preserve and share culture globally, fostering cross-cultural engagement through immersive visuals.
Remote Work and Collaboration: Lifelike virtual workspaces will enhance team dynamics and support intricate tasks like product design, with high-fidelity visuals ensuring intuitive collaboration.
Gaming and Social Interaction: Expansive, photorealistic gaming worlds will double as social hubs in the metaverse, strengthening community bonds through seamless, vivid interactions.
Public Safety and Disaster Response: Real-time, high-resolution visuals from drones or VR training simulations will improve disaster response coordination and preparedness, enhancing safety outcomes.
Nokia. Envisioning a 6g
https://www.nokia.com/sites/default/files/2024-12/nokia_bell_labs_envisioning_a_6g_future_ebook_en.pdf
European Union The path to 6G
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/757633/EPRS_BRI(2024)757633_EN.pdf
6G Network and Real-time Video Image Transmission and Enhancement Algorithm
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10010893
6G's Haptic, Holographic Future? Possibilities and challenges for future 6G communications networks
https://spectrum.ieee.org/6g-haptic-holography
6G networks
https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/research/6g-networks/
Healthcare and Telemedicine: High fidelity imaging will enable real time 3D visualizations of medical data, like holographic organ models, for precise diagnostics and remote surgeries. VR training with lifelike simulations will enhance medical education globally.
Education and Training: Virtual classrooms with photorealistic simulations of historical or scientific scenarios will make learning immersive and globally accessible.
Entertainment and Media: Interactive storytelling and live VR events, such as concerts, will deliver visuals rivaling physical experiences, engaging global audiences with real-time, hyper-realistic narratives.
Urban Planning and Architecture: Photorealistic VR models of cities or buildings will enable collaborative design with real-time adjustments, integrating global stakeholder input efficiently.
Social and Cultural Preservation: Detailed digitization of artifacts and heritage sites in the metaverse will preserve and share culture globally, fostering cross-cultural engagement through immersive visuals.
Remote Work and Collaboration: Lifelike virtual workspaces will enhance team dynamics and support intricate tasks like product design, with high-fidelity visuals ensuring intuitive collaboration.
Gaming and Social Interaction: Expansive, photorealistic gaming worlds will double as social hubs in the metaverse, strengthening community bonds through seamless, vivid interactions.
Public Safety and Disaster Response: Real-time, high-resolution visuals from drones or VR training simulations will improve disaster response coordination and preparedness, enhancing safety outcomes.
Nokia. Envisioning a 6g
https://www.nokia.com/sites/default/files/2024-12/nokia_bell_labs_envisioning_a_6g_future_ebook_en.pdf
European Union The path to 6G
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/757633/EPRS_BRI(2024)757633_EN.pdf
6G Network and Real-time Video Image Transmission and Enhancement Algorithm
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10010893
6G's Haptic, Holographic Future? Possibilities and challenges for future 6G communications networks
https://spectrum.ieee.org/6g-haptic-holography
6G networks
https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/research/6g-networks/
Exploitation Risks of Realism in 6G Imaging
6G imaging holds immense potential but also poses vulnerabilities and significant risks of exploitation that could distort human experiences. Virtual reality (VR), amplified by 6G’s photorealistic visuals, may increasingly separate individuals from physical reality, as immersive digital environments that are already emerging today could overshadow real world interactions. Additionally, The ability to produce videos and images indistinguishable from reality could be misused to create fabricated content, potentially spreading misinformation and undermining trust. In healthcare or education, hyper realistic digital representations might be exploited for impersonation, enabling fraud or violating privacy through unauthorized likenesses. Similarly, in media or cultural preservation, manipulated visuals could distort historical or social narratives, eroding authenticity.
The Ethics of Realism in Virtual and Augmented Reality
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00001/full
Crafting Synthetic Realities: Examining Visual Realism and Misinformation Potential of Photorealistic AI-Generated Images
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17484
Privacy threats of behaviour identity detection in VR
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/full
6G imaging holds immense potential but also poses vulnerabilities and significant risks of exploitation that could distort human experiences. Virtual reality (VR), amplified by 6G’s photorealistic visuals, may increasingly separate individuals from physical reality, as immersive digital environments that are already emerging today could overshadow real world interactions. Additionally, The ability to produce videos and images indistinguishable from reality could be misused to create fabricated content, potentially spreading misinformation and undermining trust. In healthcare or education, hyper realistic digital representations might be exploited for impersonation, enabling fraud or violating privacy through unauthorized likenesses. Similarly, in media or cultural preservation, manipulated visuals could distort historical or social narratives, eroding authenticity.
The Ethics of Realism in Virtual and Augmented Reality
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.00001/full
Crafting Synthetic Realities: Examining Visual Realism and Misinformation Potential of Photorealistic AI-Generated Images
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17484
Privacy threats of behaviour identity detection in VR
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2024.1197547/full
Examples of Current CGI Realism Poised for Advancement with 6G Imaging
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MetaHuman Creator: High-Fidelity Digital Humans Made Easy | Unreal Engine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3F1vZYpH8c Images of a digital human faces are generated using Epic Games’ MetaHuman Creator, a tool for crafting photorealistic human characters. All images are entirely computer-generated, yet they’ve been praised for looking like real human portraits, as noted in graphics communities. https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US/metahuman |
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Unrecord - Official Early Gameplay Trailer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK76q13Aqt0 This is a trailer for Unrecord, a first-person shooter developed by DRAMA, showcasing a tactical police officer navigating urban environments. Some viewers have mistaken it for real footage, though the developers confirm it’s entirely CGI, as discussed in online gaming communities https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11995935/Bodycam-person-shooter-game-Unrecord-sparks-controversy-realistic-graphics.html |
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AI News Anchors: How China Uses AI Deepfake avatars as 'news anchors' to spread disinformation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4J6gNX6qlTU |
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